61 research outputs found
Relieving the Wireless Infrastructure: When Opportunistic Networks Meet Guaranteed Delays
Major wireless operators are nowadays facing network capacity issues in
striving to meet the growing demands of mobile users. At the same time,
3G-enabled devices increasingly benefit from ad hoc radio connectivity (e.g.,
Wi-Fi). In this context of hybrid connectivity, we propose Push-and-track, a
content dissemination framework that harnesses ad hoc communication
opportunities to minimize the load on the wireless infrastructure while
guaranteeing tight delivery delays. It achieves this through a control loop
that collects user-sent acknowledgements to determine if new copies need to be
reinjected into the network through the 3G interface. Push-and-Track includes
multiple strategies to determine how many copies of the content should be
injected, when, and to whom. The short delay-tolerance of common content, such
as news or road traffic updates, make them suitable for such a system. Based on
a realistic large-scale vehicular dataset from the city of Bologna composed of
more than 10,000 vehicles, we demonstrate that Push-and-Track consistently
meets its delivery objectives while reducing the use of the 3G network by over
90%.Comment: Accepted at IEEE WoWMoM 2011 conferenc
cAMP-Signalling Regulates Gametocyte-Infected Erythrocyte Deformability Required for Malaria Parasite Transmission.
Blocking Plasmodium falciparum transmission to mosquitoes has been designated a strategic objective in the global agenda of malaria elimination. Transmission is ensured by gametocyte-infected erythrocytes (GIE) that sequester in the bone marrow and at maturation are released into peripheral blood from where they are taken up during a mosquito blood meal. Release into the blood circulation is accompanied by an increase in GIE deformability that allows them to pass through the spleen. Here, we used a microsphere matrix to mimic splenic filtration and investigated the role of cAMP-signalling in regulating GIE deformability. We demonstrated that mature GIE deformability is dependent on reduced cAMP-signalling and on increased phosphodiesterase expression in stage V gametocytes, and that parasite cAMP-dependent kinase activity contributes to the stiffness of immature gametocytes. Importantly, pharmacological agents that raise cAMP levels in transmissible stage V gametocytes render them less deformable and hence less likely to circulate through the spleen. Therefore, phosphodiesterase inhibitors that raise cAMP levels in P. falciparum infected erythrocytes, such as sildenafil, represent new candidate drugs to block transmission of malaria parasites
Favoriser lâinsertion professionnelle et lâaccĂšs Ă lâemploi
Cherchant Ă adapter leurs services Ă lâactualitĂ© sociale et aux besoins rĂ©els de leur public, de plus en plus de bibliothĂšques se prĂ©occupent dâoffrir des services orientĂ©s vers lâinsertion professionnelle et la recherche dâemploi. Quâelle soit universitaire ou publique, la bibliothĂšque constitue une ressource essentielle de la formation tout au long de la vie, Ă©lĂ©ment primordial Ă lâadaptation permanente au monde du travail. Cet ouvrage aborde cette nouvelle problĂ©matique pour les Ă©tablissements sous trois angles diffĂ©rents, selon les besoins des publics : travailler, se former, entreprendre. Les conditions dâaccueil des publics concernĂ©s, lâadaptation de lâoffre suivant la dimension de la bibliothĂšque, la constitution des collections spĂ©cialisĂ©es dans ce domaine, la qualitĂ© des propositions en matiĂšre dâautoformation, les atouts des diffĂ©rents partenariats dans le domaine de la recherche dâemploi, tels sont les Ă©lĂ©ments traitĂ©s ici pour favoriser le succĂšs de la mise en place et du dĂ©veloppement dâune offre propre Ă Ă©largir avec efficacitĂ© les champs dâintervention des bibliothĂšques aujourdâhui. CoordonnĂ© par Georges Perrin, inspecteur gĂ©nĂ©ral honoraire des bibliothĂšques, ce volume collectif rĂ©unit des professionnels spĂ©cialisĂ©s dans le domaine Ă©ducatif, social et culturel
Utilization of mechanical power and associations with clinical outcomes in brain injured patients: a secondary analysis of the extubation strategies in neuro-intensive care unit patients and associations with outcome (ENIO) trial
Background: There is insufficient evidence to guide ventilatory targets in acute brain injury (ABI). Recent studies have shown associations between mechanical power (MP) and mortality in critical care populations. We aimed to describe MP in ventilated patients with ABI, and evaluate associations between MP and clinical outcomes. Methods: In this preplanned, secondary analysis of a prospective, multi-center, observational cohort study (ENIO, NCT03400904), we included adult patients with ABI (Glasgow Coma Scale â€â12 before intubation) who required mechanical ventilation (MV) â„â24 h. Using multivariable log binomial regressions, we separately assessed associations between MP on hospital day (HD)1, HD3, HD7 and clinical outcomes: hospital mortality, need for reintubation, tracheostomy placement, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results: We included 1217 patients (mean age 51.2 years [SD 18.1], 66% male, mean body mass index [BMI] 26.3 [SD 5.18]) hospitalized at 62 intensive care units in 18 countries. Hospital mortality was 11% (nâ=â139), 44% (nâ=â536) were extubated by HD7 of which 20% (107/536) required reintubation, 28% (nâ=â340) underwent tracheostomy placement, and 9% (nâ=â114) developed ARDS. The median MP on HD1, HD3, and HD7 was 11.9 J/min [IQR 9.2-15.1], 13 J/min [IQR 10-17], and 14 J/min [IQR 11-20], respectively. MP was overall higher in patients with ARDS, especially those with higher ARDS severity. After controlling for same-day pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio), BMI, and neurological severity, MP at HD1, HD3, and HD7 was independently associated with hospital mortality, reintubation and tracheostomy placement. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) was greater at higher MP, and strongest for: mortality on HD1 (compared to the HD1 median MP 11.9 J/min, aRR at 17 J/min was 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.30) and HD3 (1.38, 95% CI 1.23-1.53), reintubation on HD1 (1.64; 95% CI 1.57-1.72), and tracheostomy on HD7 (1.53; 95%CI 1.18-1.99). MP was associated with the development of moderate-severe ARDS on HD1 (2.07; 95% CI 1.56-2.78) and HD3 (1.76; 95% CI 1.41-2.22). Conclusions: Exposure to high MP during the first week of MV is associated with poor clinical outcomes in ABI, independent of P/F ratio and neurological severity. Potential benefits of optimizing ventilator settings to limit MP warrant further investigation
Event reconstruction for KM3NeT/ORCA using convolutional neural networks
The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two
locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino
detector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with
photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass
ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep
convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets
for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are
employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an
alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT
Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the
energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The
spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced
in neutrino interactions is classified as shower- or track-like, and the main
background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are
recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and
maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for
KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep
convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino
telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance
improvements with respect to classical approaches
Event reconstruction for KM3NeT/ORCA using convolutional neural networks
The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino de tector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced in neutrino interactions is classified as shower-or track-like, and the main background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are
recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance
improvements with respect to classical approaches
TRY plant trait database â enhanced coverage and open access
Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of traitâbased plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for âplant growth formâ. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and traitâenvironmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives
The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases
The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article
Les questions noires en France : revendications collectives contre perceptions individuelles
Sur fond de revendications sociales et culturelles, lâĂ©mergence dâune « conscience noire », mobilisant trĂšs activement la mĂ©moire de lâesclavage et les thĂ©matiques de discrimination et de visibilitĂ© politique et mĂ©diatique, sâest produite dans les arĂšnes publiques françaises au dĂ©but de lâannĂ©e 2005. Dans une sociĂ©tĂ© qui fait de son principe universaliste son crĂ©do, cette apparition pose question. IdentifiĂ©e par les mĂ©dias comme Ă©tant lâexpression dâune « question noire », ces mouvements revendicatifs, Ă©mis par un ensemble dâacteurs organisationnels, interrogent sur leur contenu, sur les raisons de leur Ă©mission et sur le profil des personnes qui les ont exprimĂ©s. Cette recherche sociologique, dont lâobjectif est de mettre en Ă©vidence la diversitĂ© de cette problĂ©matique noire, repose sur une enquĂȘte de terrain menĂ©e sur cinq organisations ayant alimentĂ© cette question et dont lâobjectif Ă©tait dâamener leurs revendications sur le terrain politique. DĂ©signĂ©es comme noires, ces organisations, par leur auto-dĂ©finition et par leurs discours, rĂ©vĂšlent lâabsence dâunification autour dâune « conscience noire » commune rĂ©futant alors toute idĂ©e dâunitĂ© de la « question noire ». Les facteurs et les conflits qui opposent notamment les diffĂ©rentes mĂ©moires noires, selon quâelles concernent les Antillais ou les migrants africains, tĂ©moignent de lâexistence de plusieurs questions noires. Ces mĂ©moires sont diffĂ©remment construites et valorisĂ©es selon les demandes et les critiques sociales Ă©mises par chacun des collectifs. De mĂȘme, ces derniers, nâaspirant pas Ă reprĂ©senter la mĂȘme population selon quâils se revendiquent Antillais, Noirs, Africains ou descendants dâesclaves et de colonisĂ©s, combinent et hiĂ©rarchisent Ă leur maniĂšre des logiques dâaction Ă partir de leur propre expĂ©rience sociale. Deux observations complĂštent alors cette Ă©tude : dâune part le hiatus qui sâest cristallisĂ© entre ces collectivitĂ©s militantes et les populations noires quâelles affirment reprĂ©senter, dâautre part la transformation de lâimaginaire national français qui est interrogĂ© sur sa capacitĂ© Ă intĂ©grer les spĂ©cificitĂ©s propres aux populations noires françaises qui affectent le rĂ©cit rĂ©publicain national.In 2005, a black consciousness arise from social and cultural claims reaffirming âslave memoryâ and discrimination in public sphere and questioning political and media-related visibility of the ones mobilised. This movement, described as the expression of âla question noireâ, interrogates the protagonistâs profile and their involvement. This sociological research underlines the diversity of this question. An investigation has been carried out on five organizations with political claims and reveals the non-unification around a common black âconsciousnessâ, disproving the idea of a âblack questionâ unity. The different conceptions of âslave memoryâ, according to French carribean or Africans migrants concerns, shows several black questions reality based on different social criticism. As a consequence, a diversity of actions exists according to the social experience of these groups. Finally, the study reveals two tendencies. Firstly, the presence of a hiatus between these activist groups and black populations they consider that they represent. Secondly, the transformation of French national imaginary and the reassessment of its capacity to integrate black French populations
Les questions noires en France : revendications collectives contre perceptions individuelles
Sur fond de revendications sociales et culturelles, lâĂ©mergence dâune « conscience noire », mobilisant trĂšs activement la mĂ©moire de lâesclavage et les thĂ©matiques de discrimination et de visibilitĂ© politique et mĂ©diatique, sâest produite dans les arĂšnes publiques françaises au dĂ©but de lâannĂ©e 2005. Dans une sociĂ©tĂ© qui fait de son principe universaliste son crĂ©do, cette apparition pose question. IdentifiĂ©e par les mĂ©dias comme Ă©tant lâexpression dâune « question noire », ces mouvements revendicatifs, Ă©mis par un ensemble dâacteurs organisationnels, interrogent sur leur contenu, sur les raisons de leur Ă©mission et sur le profil des personnes qui les ont exprimĂ©s. Cette recherche sociologique, dont lâobjectif est de mettre en Ă©vidence la diversitĂ© de cette problĂ©matique noire, repose sur une enquĂȘte de terrain menĂ©e sur cinq organisations ayant alimentĂ© cette question et dont lâobjectif Ă©tait dâamener leurs revendications sur le terrain politique. DĂ©signĂ©es comme noires, ces organisations, par leur auto-dĂ©finition et par leurs discours, rĂ©vĂšlent lâabsence dâunification autour dâune « conscience noire » commune rĂ©futant alors toute idĂ©e dâunitĂ© de la « question noire ». Les facteurs et les conflits qui opposent notamment les diffĂ©rentes mĂ©moires noires, selon quâelles concernent les Antillais ou les migrants africains, tĂ©moignent de lâexistence de plusieurs questions noires. Ces mĂ©moires sont diffĂ©remment construites et valorisĂ©es selon les demandes et les critiques sociales Ă©mises par chacun des collectifs. De mĂȘme, ces derniers, nâaspirant pas Ă reprĂ©senter la mĂȘme population selon quâils se revendiquent Antillais, Noirs, Africains ou descendants dâesclaves et de colonisĂ©s, combinent et hiĂ©rarchisent Ă leur maniĂšre des logiques dâaction Ă partir de leur propre expĂ©rience sociale. Deux observations complĂštent alors cette Ă©tude : dâune part le hiatus qui sâest cristallisĂ© entre ces collectivitĂ©s militantes et les populations noires quâelles affirment reprĂ©senter, dâautre part la transformation de lâimaginaire national français qui est interrogĂ© sur sa capacitĂ© Ă intĂ©grer les spĂ©cificitĂ©s propres aux populations noires françaises qui affectent le rĂ©cit rĂ©publicain national.In 2005, a black consciousness arise from social and cultural claims reaffirming âslave memoryâ and discrimination in public sphere and questioning political and media-related visibility of the ones mobilised. This movement, described as the expression of âla question noireâ, interrogates the protagonistâs profile and their involvement. This sociological research underlines the diversity of this question. An investigation has been carried out on five organizations with political claims and reveals the non-unification around a common black âconsciousnessâ, disproving the idea of a âblack questionâ unity. The different conceptions of âslave memoryâ, according to French carribean or Africans migrants concerns, shows several black questions reality based on different social criticism. As a consequence, a diversity of actions exists according to the social experience of these groups. Finally, the study reveals two tendencies. Firstly, the presence of a hiatus between these activist groups and black populations they consider that they represent. Secondly, the transformation of French national imaginary and the reassessment of its capacity to integrate black French populations
- âŠ